Recent Progress of Eco-friendly Lead-free Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising candidate materials for next-generation optoelectronic device applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. However, the toxicity poor stability issues of lead-based MHPs (LHPs) still challenging to fulfill a restriction hazardous substances directive (RoHS) industrial standards commercialization LHP devices. Therefore, eco-friendly lead-free (EHPs), which superior LHPs, should be developed. In this review, we will review strategies substitute lead cation with non-toxic metal cations tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), copper (Cu), discuss synthetic methods, crystal structures, luminescent properties, their LED applications.